Characterization of lignin and lignin-derivatives from biomass. Application as expander of Lead-acid battery
Expanders, as lignosulfonates, are crucial for a good performance of Pb/acid batteries.In the process of discharge, the Pb and the PbO2 go to PbSO4.The formed PbSO4 is adsorbed on the surface of the Pb electrode and dramatically reduces the lifetime of the battery by the formation of big PbSO4 crystals.In order to prevent that, the addition of expa